News International - Phone Hacking Scandal Research Paper

News International - Phone Hacking Scandal - Research Paper Example The company is located in London city of the United Kingdom. It is the publisher of The Times, The Sun and The Sunday Times. The company has been regarded as being one of the world’s most successful in terms of share, growth, reader engagement, and circulation (â€Å"News International,† newsint.co.uk). Despite being among the world’s most successful news publishers, and the United Kingdom’s top news publisher, the company has faced a number of problems from time to time. The most recent and most serious one was the phone hacking scandal in July 2011that led to the closure of News of the World, which was one of the publications made by News International. News of the world, which was a British newspaper published by News International was accused of hacking into phones of celebrities and invading their voice mail accounts. According to Chisholm-Burns, Vaillancourt, and Shepherd, management is the skill of promoting people’s talents and providing the m with ways to enrich themselves and opportunities for growth in order to maximize productivity (23). Management is also concerned with distribution and employment of resources to perform tasks and attain objectives. During the first decades of the twentieth century, a number of achievements were made in the field of management. This was as a result of the development of the scientific management theory by Frederick Taylor, the administrative theory by Henry Fayol, and the theory of corporate social responsibility by Milton Friedman. The major representative of scientific management is Frederick Taylor. According to Bagad, scientific management is a concept within that stresses on the application of scientific methods in work in order to be able to study and evaluate workers (6). Scientific management takes a classical management approach. Scientific management has four basic elements which include determining the one best way to do each job, selecting the best persons for each job, training the best persons for each job in the one best way to do the job, and use of monetary incentives to encourage a proper days work for a proper day’s pay. The whole approach by Taylor was essentially based on scientifically learning and weighing the labor involved in doing each job, and then choosing the only best way to accomplish the complete number of processes. Frederick Taylor determined the principles explaining how work in a company could be done. Bagad points out that â€Å"according to Taylor, once these principles were defined, all the workers could be trained to do the work â€Å"the one best way†, rather than relying on their own various rules of thumb† (8). Taylor came up with a method called time and motion study and in his scientific management theory; he made it clear that there is quite a difference in carrying out tasks, recruiting and training workers, and establishing incentives systems. Therefore, workers have the responsibility of do ing work, while the management has the responsibility of planning for recruitment, training and developing incentive systems. The modern management theory was developed by Henry Fayol. He came up with six distinct industrial and business activities and their respective functions. These activities were technical, commercial, financial, security, accounting, and administrative or managerial